Jurnal Teknik Mesin (JTM). JTM is a journal providing an authoritative source of scientific information for researchers and engineers in academia, research institutions, government agencies, and industries. We publish original research papers, review articles and case studies focused on Mechanical Engineering. JTM is published and imprinted by Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian Masyarakat (LP2M) - ITP and managed to be issued twice in every volume (April and October). Author Guideline can be downloaded HERE. p-ISSN: 2089-4880 e-ISSN: 2598-8263 Citation: Google Scholar Garuda
Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian Masyarakat (LP2M) - ITP
Design and Structural Performance Evaluation of a CNC Plasma Cutting Machine Frame
Plasma cutting is a widely used process for cutting metal plates using a high-temperature electric arc. Conventional systems are manually operated, which limits cutting precision and efficiency. To address this, a CNC plasma cutting machine was designed with a focus on structural reliability. The machine frame was designed to support automated motion along X, Y, and Z axes, enabling precise plasma head movement. The overall machine dimensions are 3000 mm × 1500 mm × 1000 mm, with a work area of 2400 mm × 1200 mm. Structural components were modeled using CAD software and analyzed using the Finite Element Method (FEM) to evaluate deformation, stress distribution, and safety factors. The structural analysis revealed maximum displacements of 4.14 µm and 3.83 µm in the X and Y units, respectively. The highest von Mises stress was found to be 56.57 MPa on the X unit and 50.19 MPa on the Y unit. The minimum safety factors were 4.41 for the X unit and 2.36 for the Y unit, indicating a safe and robust structural design. The results confirm that the designed machine frame meets mechanical integrity requirements for automated plasma cutting operations. The low deformation and acceptable stress levels ensure cutting accuracy and operational reliability. This design may serve as a foundation for future improvements or implementation in manufacturing environments.
Hak Cipta (c) 2025 Asmara Yanto, Aga Pratama, Anrinal Anrinal, Putri Pratiwi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Performance Evaluation of 3-RRPaR Parallel Manipulator in Pick and place Operation
This study evaluates the performance of a 3-RRPaR parallel manipulator designed to perform pick-and-place operations. The manipulator consists of three actuators driven by stepper motors, which are controlled through a G-code interface using Universal G-Code Sende.. Motion commands are input via a computer, enabling the robot to follow predefined trajectories. During testing, the manipulator was programmed to move within a circular workspace with a radius of 100 mm on the X and Y axes. The actual movement reached only 98 mm, resulting in a positioning error of approximately 2 mm. The observed inaccuracies are primarily attributed to structural inconsistencies between the upper and lower frames, unequal lengths of the passive links, and the use of a non-permanent clutch mechanism. These findings highlight the importance of mechanical precision and structural symmetry in enhancing the accuracy of parallel manipulator systems.
Hak Cipta (c) 2025 Anrinal Anrinal, Muhammad Apri Zamhari, Asmara Yanto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Mitigating Cone Chute Telescopic Failures in Clinker Distribution Through Abrasion-Resistant Design Improvements
The cement industry plays a crucial role in supporting infrastructure development, making the smooth distribution of raw materials such as clinker essential for production efficiency. PT Semen Padang, a subsidiary of Semen Indonesia Group, produces clinker as a key intermediate material in cement manufacturing. One of the critical components in clinker distribution is the shiploader, responsible for transferring clinker from silos to the ship’s hold. However, frequent damage to the Cone Chute Telescopic component disrupts operations, increasing downtime and maintenance costs. This study aims to identify the root causes of Cone Chute Telescopic failures, propose durable design improvements, and develop applicable repair methods. A quantitative approach was employed through field observations and experimental analysis, focusing on the impact of clinker’s abrasive properties, high temperatures, and operational factors on component wear. A key solution implemented was the application of ceramic coating and 3mm steel plate lining to enhance resistance against abrasion. The study also explored the effects of cooling clinker before loading, optimizing chute design to reduce localized wear, and improving material selection for enhanced durability. Results indicate that clinker’s abrasive nature and high temperature significantly accelerate wear, particularly when ceramic coatings detach, exposing the fiber-reinforced material underneath. Additionally, structural issues such as inadequate suspension mechanisms and sensor malfunctions contribute to operational inefficiencies. The implementation of protective steel lining demonstrated a reduction in wear rates, suggesting a viable solution for extending component lifespan. The findings contribute to improving clinker distribution efficiency at PT Semen Padang and provide insights for the broader cement industry in enhancing the reliability of shiploading systems. Future research should focus on advanced composite materials and alternative cooling techniques to further mitigate clinker-induced wear.
Hak Cipta (c) 2024 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Manufacturing System Design of The 3-RRPaR Parallel Manipulator
This study aims to design a manufacturing system to produce the 3-RRPaR Parallel Manipulator Robot. The manufacturing system design includes Bill of Material (BOM), Operational Process Chart (OPC), Production Routing and Assembly Routing which will be used to calculate the Production Cost and Determination of the Selling Price. Some important components of the 3-RRPaR parallel manipulator include Box Controller, Actuator, Passive Link, Movable platform, Greeper and Frame. The manufacturing process of the 3-RRPaR parallel manipulator takes 33 working hours with a Production Cost of Rp 11.887.050,-.
Hak Cipta (c) 2024 Anrinal Anrinal, Asmara Yanto, Redo Kurnia Illahi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The Effect of Pressure on the Manufacturing Process of Composites Made from Candlenut Shells and Candlenut Shell Charcoal/Epoxy on Density and Microstructure
Candlenut shell waste has not been widely utilized, especially in the field of material technology. In this study, innovation was carried out on the management of candlenut shell waste with the aim of reducing candlenut shell waste into something useful as a composite of candlenut shell/epoxy. Candlenut shells are ground into powder and sieved on the powder with a mesh of 50-80 with a powder size of 177-297µm. To obtain shell charcoal powder, candlenut shells are carbonized after that ground into powder and sieved with a mesh of 100-200 with a powder size of 74-149µm. While for epoxy resin, it is mixed with a ratio of resin to hardener (2:1). The mixture ratio of candlenut shell composite%, candlenut shell charcoal%, and epoxy resin% is (45:10:45). The printing of the test sample used the printing method, the mold was pressed with a pressure of 21 kg/cm2, 25 kg/cm2, 28 kg/cm2, 32 kg/cm2, 35 kg/cm2 for 24 hours. The sample testing in this study was observation of the microstructure and density testing. In the density test and observation of the microstructure, where the best pressure among the other pressures was at a pressure of 32 kg/cm2 because it can be seen from the density value of 1.14????????/????????3 and the relative density result value of 87%. The things that affect the density test and observation of the microstructure are the comparison at each pressure, the increase in pressure that produces a composite with good physical properties, namely the results of the density data prove an increase in its density and observations of its microstructure prove an increase in the density of the good powder particle composite.
Hak Cipta (c) 2024 gustio mitro, Mastariyanto Perdana, Putri Pratiwi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The Effect of Variation in the Composition of Candlenut Shell Charcoal Powder/Epoksi Composite on Hardness Value, Friction Coefficient and Specific Wear Rate
Organic waste processing by utilizing the candlenut shell charcoal has great potential to produce useful materials. The large seed and skin ratio makes candlenut shells very abundant during the harvest season. Candlenut shells are known as agricultural waste even though they have great potential to be utilized because of their good mechanical properties. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of composition variations in candlenut shell charcoal powder composites on their mechanical properties such as hardness values, friction coefficients and wear rates. The materials used are candlenut shell charcoal powder and epoxy, with a fraction ratio of 55%: 45% wt, 60%: 40% wt, 65%: 35% wt, 70%: 30% wt, 75%: 25% wt, 80%: 20% wt, 85% : 15% wt. The size of the candlenut shell charcoal powder used is 841-1190 μm. The results of the study showed the highest hardness of 74.94 HRN, a wear value of 0,000077407407 g/mm2, and the friction coefficient of 0.2108.
Hak Cipta (c) 2024 Putri Pratiwi, Nurzal Nurzal, Muhammad Syaifullah, Mastariyanto Perdana https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The Effect of Firmware Settings on Engraving Results of a CNC Laser Engraver Machine
This study aims to determine the effect of setting the firmware on the time and results of the engraving and to analyze the impact of the engraver variable on the CNC Laser Engraving machine. The test results of the cnc laser engraving firmware setting were obtained from several stages of testing the predetermined settings such as the Axis maximum rate and Axis acceleration settings, in order to find the appropriate Axis maximum rate and Axis acceleration settings for the laser engraving process. Tests with the Axis maximum rate setting are carried out with variables 600 mm/min,1200 mm/min,1800 mm/min aiming to find the ideal speed, Tests with Axis acceleration settings are carried out with variables 20 mm/s2, 40 mm/s2, 60mm/s2. aims to find the ideal acceleration by looking at the stability of the results and comparing the test data. axis maximum rate ($110 and $111) 600 mm/min and axis acceleration ($120 and $121) 40 mm/s2, taking into account the engraving time and the resulting clean, non-blur engraving results and the resulting engraving line width. Based on the study, it is recommended for users to be careful in setting the firmware for maximum and clean results. Based on the speed and acceleration test data on the engraving scale, the faster the engraving process, the smaller and blurry the resulting scale (width of the engraving) will be.
Hak Cipta (c) 2024 Anrinal Anrinal, Muhammad Apri Zamhari, Asmara Yanto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Design Development of Coffee Roaster with Quality Function Deployment Method
This research aims to identify and determine the level of consumer needs regarding the coffee roaster and to compile a House of Quality (HOQ) to determine dominant design needs and priority technical characteristics of the machine. The benefit of this research is to be able to develop the coffee roaster and to maximize machine use and time efficiency in roasting coffee. The research method used is the Quality Function Deployment (QFD) method by conducting field surveys aimed at finding out the level of consumer needs by distributing questionnaires and looking for information about what the need to make it easier to roast coffee beans. The location of this research was carried out in several café or coffee shop in Padang City. Based on the column weight, it was found that the strongest priority in the technical response was the design aspect with a value weighting of 38.64, followed by the material criteria aspect with a value weighting of 66.1, then time and energy efficiency with values ​​weighting of 30.34 and 15 respectively.. The design for developing coffee roaster according to consumer needs lies in a more affordable price which makes the use of materials and sizes of horizontal sangria equipment cheaper compared to conventional coffee roasting equipment.
Hak Cipta (c) 2024 Fajri Ilham Satria, Rozi Saferi, Asmara Yanto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Utilization of Areca Nut Fibers (areca catechu l.) and Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) as A Sound Absorbing Material
Noise refers to unwanted sounds emanating from production equipment or work equipment, which are potentially harmful. The most common factor affecting workers is noise, which can impair hearing. The impact can be both psychological and biological problems. To solve this problem, noise-absorbing materials that can be installed in various places are needed. One of the proposed solutions is the development of acoustic materials made from easily available natural fiber composites, such as areca nut fibers. Areca fibers are integrated as a base material for acoustic materials that aim to reduce outdoor noise or from building structures. In this study, 2 testing methods were carried out, namely the Sound Absorption Coefficient (α) Test and the Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Test. The Sound Absorption Coefficient Test aims to measure the ability of materials to absorb sound energy, while FTIR is used to analyze sample components without damaging them. The sound absorption coefficient test results showed that the samples were able to absorb sound at a frequency of 800-1600 Hz. After the areca fiber was treated with NaOH, there was a change in the O-H group which indicated a reduction in lignin content in the areca fiber. This O-H group shift causes an increase in adhesion between the matrix and filler in the composite.
Hak Cipta (c) 2024 Nurul Mutaharah Nurul, Nurlaela Rauf https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Energy Audit of Lighting and Air Conditioning Systems in Baby Clothing Stores
An energy audit is a method used to calculate the energy use of a building and find solutions to save energy. Things that can be achieved through this audit process are saving or reducing operational costs for business entities, industry or others, with energy savings also contributing to nature conservation and efficient use of energy which will increase the contribution to the company both financially and the lifespan of the equipment used. longer. From the analysis of the potential for energy savings through audits and conservation, it was concluded that energy use in baby clothing stores is wasteful. This can be seen based on the calculation of the Pre-Eco IKE value, which is 239.6 btu/h. After saving with the ECO option which can be done, the Post-Eco IKE value is 173.1 btu/h, where there has been a decrease in energy consumption from the wasteful category to somewhat wasteful.
Hak Cipta (c) 2024 Anis Aprilia, Ahmad Farhan, Awaludin Martin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Influence of Quenching Media and Holding Time on Hardness and Microstructure of AISI 1045
AISI 1045 material is carbon steel which is widely used in the industrial world as a material for making gears, bolts, and axles, however, in its use AISI 1045 steel has shortcomings in its hardness value. When used, AISI 1045 steel must be hardened through a hardening heat treatment process so that it is more capable of being used. It is important to carry out the hardening process so that the material has greater hardness, this property is related to wear resistance. This research was carried out with the aim of analyzing the effect of variations in holding time and variations in cooling media on the hardness and microstructure of AISI 1045 Steel. The heating temperature used was 840⁰C with a holding time of 17 and 22 minutes using air, oil, and grease cooling media. The method used to measure hardness in this research is the Brinell hardness method. The results of the research showed changes in the microstructure from initially ferrite and pearlite to bainite and martensite, the highest hardness was obtained in the specimen with oil quench media with a holding time of 17 minutes with a value of 643.35 kgf/mm2 and the lowest hardness value was obtained in the specimen with quench media air with a holding time of 22 minutes with a value of 153.44 kgf/mm2.
Hak Cipta (c) 2024 Bayu Widias Tama, Afira Ainur Rosidah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Analysis of Fan Component Maintenance in the Cement Mill of PT Semen Padang Indarung V Factory using the Reliability Centered Maintenance Method Approach
The impact of environmental air pollution is causing a decrease in air quality which has a negative impact on human health. The size of dust particulates that endanger general health ranges from 0.1 micro to 10 micro. In general, the size of dust particulates of around 5 micro is airborne particulates that can directly enter the lungs and settle in the alveoli. The impact on the life time of one of the components in the mill fan is the presence of dust as a polluting element in the impeller, therefore a particulate device is needed. Miil Fan requires continuous and scheduled maintenance so that the tool works optimally. If damage occurs in these two parts, the final process of making cement will stop. Then the Reliability Centered Maintenance (RCM) method was chosen, which is a systematic process used to determine what must be done to ensure that each physical facility of the company can comply with the design function continuously within a certain period of operation. The components analyzed in RCM are critical components which were previously analyzed using the Failure Mode, Effect and Critically Analysis (FMECA) method. The components analyzed are components with a Risk Priority Number value >60 (above critically high status). Analysis of the fan engine (P05) shows that there are 3 critical components, namely the impeller, bearing and V-belt.
Hak Cipta (c) 2023 Nendar Almeiwiyanto, Sulaeman https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Development of AFRO Water Treatment Equipment
Water is a source of life, but it is very easily polluted because water is known as a universal solvent and is able to dissolve many substances. Water pollution is the pollution of water bodies (seas, lakes, rivers, groundwater) caused by human activities. To obtain water that meets water quality standards, it must be supported by an appropriate water treatment system, one of which is the water treatment tool in this research, called AFRO. AFRO works with a reverse osmosis filtration aeration process. Previously, AFRO was developed to treat raw water containing dissolved impurities. However, the results are less than satisfactory, so it needs to be developed further to meet the need for clean water that can be utilized by the community. The development of AFRO in this research is based on the House of Quality (HQ) matrix. From this HQ matrix, a presentation of development priorities was obtained from the previous one in the form of design changes of 16.1%, material changes of 9.6%, processing processes of 14% and energy changes of 9.2%. From the tests that have been carried out, this time AFRO can process raw water from dissolved and insoluble impurities. This tool is also equipped with a solar energy utilization system. The AFRO water treatment process developed consists of (1) chemical process, (2) aeration, (3) filtration, (4) reverse osmosis and (5) disinfection using ultra violet (UV) light.
Hak Cipta (c) 2023 Hafni Hafni, Dedi Wardianto, Asmara Yanto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Stress Analysis of Elevator Chain Pin in PT. Semen Padang
The chain pin on the elevator chain is the most important component in the chain in transmission system which function as an axle on the chain. Chain pin is the part that is in direct contact with the sprocket teeth. This analysis aims to determine the stress that occurs in the chain pin by calculating the stress and using the autodesk inventor software. Data collection is done by measuring the dimensions of the elevator chain, the calculating the chain pin analysis using equation according to theory and using autodesk inventor for better analysis result. The result of the stress analysis on the chain pin with a diameter of 23 mm are 16.93 MPa while the result of the analysis using autodesk inventor software are 1.43 MPa. So that the stress resulting from the two analysis does not exceed the maximum allowable stress of 568.78 MPa.
Hak Cipta (c) 2023 Rozi Saferi, Karnova Yanel, Hamdani Akmal https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The Effect of Laser Setting on Engraving Results of A CNC Laser Engraver Machine
This research aims to determine the effect of laser settings on the engraving results of a CNC Laser Engraving machine on plywood media. Controlling the movement of the CNC laser machine spindle using Arduino UNO. Testing was carried out by setting the laser power (S-Max) scales are 100, 200, 300, 400, 500 and 600. Position variations of laser head above the plywood media are 3 cm, 5 cm and 7 cm. The test results show that low S-Max scale will produce unclear dotted lines if graving the circle shape and the greater S-Max scale, the thicker the line will be. The lower position of the laser head above the surface of the plywood media, the wider the graving size (engraving line width). The best engraving results were obtained with S-Max scale is 400 and position of laser head above the plywood media is 5 cm with fairly stable and clear engraving lines.
Hak Cipta (c) 2023 Anrinal Anrinal, Farza Anugrah Pratama, Asmara Yanto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The Vegetable Oil as an Alternative Fuel for Diesel Motors
It is estimated that fossil fuels will run out if they are exploited on a large scale. In today's developments, there are many vehicle innovations that use diesel fuel. This dependency can be overcome with bio diesel. Various wastes resulting from the processing of agricultural materials have great potential to be processed into alternative fuels to replace coal and fuel oil. These alternative fuels include bioethanol, biodiesel, biogas and biobriquettes. In this research we discuss biodiesel, biodiesel is an alternative fuel which is usually made from agricultural plants such as oil palm. However, this fuel usually cannot be pure oil, usually mixed with diesel. This mixed fuel has not been proven to be good for use in vehicles in the sense that this fuel might affect the torque of the vehicle. In this research we will test which mixture is the best or closest to fossil fuel.
Hak Cipta (c) 2023 Dimas Noor Ardianto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Effect of Electrode Moisture in DC Current SMAW Process on The Welding Results of Low Carbon Steel
Welding using a wetelectrode and polarity selection is thought to affect the defects that usually arise in the welding results of low carbon steel type ST 37. To find out how much influence the humidity of the electrode and polarity have on defects in low carbon steel welding results, a study was carried out using oil fluids as a moisturizing agent for the electrode. The process of humidifying the electrode is carried out by immersing the electrode until it absorbs the oil fluid before welding it on the base metal. After welding with these electrodes, a metallographic test was carried out to observe the macrostructure and microstructure of the welding results. The conclusion that can be drawn from the test results is that the humidity of the electrode by oil does not affect the defects that arise in low carbon steel welding results as long as it does not damage the flux from the electrode.
Hak Cipta (c) 2023 Hafni Hafni, Novriwan Novriwan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Failure Analysis of Induced Draft Fan Bearing in PT Semen Padang Using The RCM Method
The development of the technology is getting trigger competition in industri. To compete, companies should can provide products and the quality of services best for consumer. This study aims to find out the causes of bearings that are damaged in the Induced Draft Fan (IDF Bearing) and how to plan strategic maintenance of IDF Bearing. The method used is reliability centered maintenance (RCM). The causes of bearing damage are analyzed using the Failure Mode Effect and Critical Analysis (FMECA) method. The results of this study show that the cause of IDF Bearing damage is clearance with an RPN value of 210, lubrication system with an RPN value of 36, unbalance with an RPN value of 72, and high temperature with an RPN value of 54. Scheduled Restoration Maintenance is applied for IDF Bearing , where task or preventive maintenance in the form of oil change with a time of 5803.2 hours or 241 days.
Hak Cipta (c) 2023 Rozi Saferi, Sulaeman, Olka Defra Wanda https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Characterization of Sound Absorption Coefficient and Acoustic Impedance of Palm Frond Fiber Composites with Pine Resin on Various Composition Variations
This research aims to investigate the ability of sound absorption coefficient and the acoustic impedance of Palm Frond Fiber Composites using the one-microphone impedance tube method. We used Palm Frond Fibers as a filler and pine resin as an alternative adhesive of composite with a volume fraction of 50%: 50%, 60%: 40%, 70%: 30%, 80%: 20%, and 90%: 10%. The sound absorption coefficient and acoustic impedance of composites were studied at 500, 1000 Hz, 1500 Hz, 2000 Hz, and 2500 Hz frequency. The results showed that the highest sound absorption coefficient was found in 1500 Hz frequency and using volume fraction 70%:10%. The highest acoustic impedance response was found in composite with a fiber composition of 90% and at the test frequency with a range of 500 Hz -1500 Hz. The composition of the adhesive and fiber greatly affects the impedance value because it was related to the formation of pores in the composite. Based on ISO standard 11654:1997, the value of the sound absorption of sound waves was 0.15, and Palm Frond Fiber had a value above, so it had the potential used as sound absorption material.
Hak Cipta (c) 2023 Putri Pratiwi, Asmara Yanto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Performance Testing of The CNC Laser Engraver Machine on Plywood Media
This work aims to test and analyze the performance of the CNC Laser Engraver Machine on plywood media by using the grbl settings. The engraving process was conducted by using three filling methods in the grbl setting, i.e., reversed diagonal filling, horizontal filling and no filling. In the reversed diagonal filling method is tested a gears image input, in the horizontal filling method is tested a rumah gadang image input and in the no-filling method is tested a piston image input. The machine performance was assessed by comparing the CAD-based images input with the engraved images output that are carved on plywood media by a laser speed setting of 1000 mm/min, a laser power scale of 60% and a distance of laser from the media of 5 cm. From this assessment it can be concluded that the CNC Laser Engraver Machine is capable to create the shape and size of the images output that is the same as the shape and size of the images input. Here, the images size is obtained by a vernier caliper that has an accuracy of 0.05 mm.
Hak Cipta (c) 2023 Anrinal, Muhammad Fadherizal, Asmara Yanto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Characteristics of Palm Kernel Shell/Alumina/Epoxy Composites as Motorcycle Brake Pad Material
Brake pads are one of the components of a motor vehicle that functions to slow down or stop the vehicle's motion. In the concept of braking, one inevitable factor is wear and tear. Wear and tear occur when two objects press against each other and create friction. Composite material is an alternative substance that can be used to replace asbestos brake pads. In this research, shell of palm oil, alumina (Al2O3) powder and epoxy was used for material of brake pad. Type of brake pads was made in this study is brake pads used for motorcycle disc brakes. Addition of volume fraction of alumina powder to 6% in composite material. The aims this study was determine the characterization of brake pad based on composite materials with addition of alumina powder in composite material. This study showed that there was increase of physical and mechanical properties with the addition of alumina powder in composites up 6% by volume fraction.
natural compositepalm oil, mechanical properties, physical properties, brake pad
Hak Cipta (c) 2023 Mastariyanto Perdana, Meiki Eru Putra, Akmal Akmal, Hengki Putra, Murfid Al Ikram, Ardhy Meidianda https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Evaluation and Design Development of Rice Milling Machine
This study aims to identify and determine the level of consumer needs related to rice milling machine and, to develop a House of Quality (HOQ) to determine the dominant design requirements and the priority technical characteristics of the tool. The benefit of this research is to facilitate the design development so that it can continue to provide improvements to the quality of the rice grinder so that the quality of the rice produced can be maintained. The research method used is the Quality Function Deployment (QFD) method by conducting a survey to the field which aims to determine the level of consumer needs by distributing questionnaires and seeking information about what farmers need to make the farmer's work easier. Questionnaires were distributed to the community, most of whom work as farmers and workers in rice mills. The research location is in Pariaman Regency and Padang City. The results of this study are the highest priority scale from the aspect of consumer needs, namely fast work with a weight value (3.63) and from the technical response aspect, namely energy needs with a weight value (36.15). Based on the House of quality analysis, design development is focused on improving performance and optimizing energy sources using solar energy.
Hak Cipta (c) 2022 Rozi Saferi, Asmara Yanto, Zhafran Zuhairi Yodi Putra https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Measurement of the sound absorption coefficient of palm frond fiber composites with synthetic adhesives
Natural fiber composite materials have been widely applied for various purposes, one of which is reducing noise. Many efforts have been tried to reduce noise by using sound absorbing materials such as glasswool, rockwool, and gypsum as sound absorbers, but because of the high price and bad impact on health, many studies have been conducted to find materials that are practical, cheap, and abundant availability in nature, one of which is natural fiber as an alternative to commercial sound absorbing materials. In this study, we want to know the effect of the composition of palm fronds with polyester resin can affect the sound absorption of a material and the effect of composition on sound absorption. The composition of palm frond fiber and polyester resin was varied 60%:40%, 65%:35%, 70%:30%, 75%:25%, 80%:20%, 85%:15%, 90%:10%, arranged randomly with a length of 5 mm. The specimen synthesis process starts with cutting the palm fronds, decomposing the palm frond fibers so that the fibers are separated from the flesh. Acoustic testing was conducted using a single microphone impedance tube. The test results showed that the largest absorption coefficient value is 0.984 at a frequency of 1500 Hz and is obtained in materials with a composition of 70%: 30%, and for the largest acoustic impendance value is 1.714 which is found at a frequency of 500 Hz and is obtained in the composition of 85%: 15%.
Hak Cipta (c) 2022 Putri Pratiwi, Abdul Rahman, Asmara Yanto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Design and Manufacturing of Wind Tunnel for Turbine Impeller Airfoil Testing
In this study, the design of a wind tunnel was carried out to observe airflow through an airfoil, streamlines and turbine blades. To accommodate this, in this study a design was made of an open return wind tunnel. In this case, an open circuit wind tunnel type will be made because the construction is simpler and the manufacturing costs are relatively cheaper compared to the closed circuit wind tunnel type. The Wind Tunnel is designed with Open CLosed Wind Tunnel (OCWT) type. The OCWT is designed to consist of fan and housing, diffuser, test section, contraction, honeycomb. The OCWT design uses an operating fan to circulate air into the test section. The maximum air speed in the Test Section is 5 m/s with a flow that is closed to laminar. The recommended diffuser has a dimension of 50 cm on the side that is attached to the test section and 52 cm on the side facing the fan with an inclination angle of 1.79o. The driver uses a 16 inch exhaust fan with a power of 74 W to make the flow in the Test Section stable at a speed of 2 m/s.
Hak Cipta (c) 2022 Karnova Yanel, Asmara Yanto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The Effect of Adding Prim ary Epoxy on the Corrosion Rate of Low Carbon Steel in 5.25% Calcium Hypochlorite Solution
The corrosion process occurs in almost all materials, especially metals, slowly but surely, which can cause a material to have a limited service life. Corrosion cannot be prevented but the rate can be reduced. One of t he methods to inhibit the effective corrosion rate is by giving epoxy primer treatment. This study aims to examine the effect of adding epoxy primer on the corrosion rate of low carbon steel immersed in a 5.25% Calcium hypochlorite solution. This research was conducted using 27 specimens in 9 vessels, each vessel contained 3 specimens immersed in low carbon steel without treatment, oil paint and epoxy primer. Volume of 1 liter of solution for 1 vessel. The results of this study indicate that the epoxy primer is able to inhibit the corrosion rate well. The reduction in weight of low carbon steel treated with oil paint is much greater than that of untreated low carbon steel using epoxy primer. The lowest corrosion rate was given by applying epoxy primer in 30 days of immersion with an average value of 0.001001695 mpy and the highest corrosion rate without treatment in 15 days of immersion with an average value of 0.005008473 mpy.
Hak Cipta (c) 2022 Ismet Eka Putra, Haleri Echo Yeyen Hidayat https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The Effect of Electrode Angle on the Backward Directional Longitudinal Against Penetration Percentage
Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW) is one of the liquid welding processes (fusion welding) that produces a homogeneous fusion of the electrode with the base metal (base metal), which is caused by an electric arc that generates high heat to melt the electrode and base metal (base metal). simultaneously and protected by a shielding gas from the chemical reaction of the electrode flux. The depth of fusion formed is determined by the heat input, the electrode angle and the welding direction. The research was conducted at the Mechanical Engineering Laboratory of the Padang Institute of Technology. The base metal used is low carbon steel ST 37 with a thickness of 10 mm and a length of 100 mm. width 100 mm. Welding is carried out on the surface of the base metal in the flat position, the type of connection (weld type) is a surfacing weld with 4 welding lines, each strip having a distance of 20 mm. Weld length 100 mm. AWS E6013 electrode specifications with a diameter of 3.2 mm. SMAW welding machine AC current with a voltage of 30 V. current 85 A. The measured electrode angle between the electrode and the welding line is 75o, 85o, 90o. The backward welding direction where the electrode draws the welding fluid into the welding path and the normal arc height where the distance between the electrode and the base metal is equal to the diameter of the electrode. From the welding results, a penetration presentation will be obtained, namely the ratio of the depth of fusion to the width. The research results obtained welding speed: 2.48 mm/s for electrode angle 75o, 2.49 mm/s for electrode angle 85o and 2.51 mm/s for electrode angle 90o. Heat input for electrode angle 750 is 1015.93 J/ mm , the heat input for the electrode angle 85o is 1024.20 J/mm and the heat input for the electrode angle 90o is 1015.93 J/mm. From the comparison of the width with the depth of fusion, it is obtained; The electrode angle 85o has a penetration presentation of 9.85%, which is better in height than the electrode angle 75o, which has a penetration presentation of 8.43%, and the electrode angle 90o has a penetration presentation of 8.35%..
Hak Cipta (c) 2022 Hafni Hafni, Rifqi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Analysis of Coupling Gear on Roller Press Cement Mill
This study aims to determine the causes of failure in the coupling gear, reduce or minimize damage that occurs in the coupling gear, determine the hardness of the coupling gear material, and to determine the level of wear and tear on the coupling gear. This research was conducted from July to October 2022, at PT. Semen Padang, ITP Mechanical Engineering Laboratory, FT-Unand Mechanical Engineering Metallurgical Laboratory. The test procedures used in this study are first to identify the damage, hardness testing on the coupling gear, wear testing on the coupling gear. After observing, the types of damage to the coupling gear are obtained, namely in the form of wear. The types of wear and tear on the coupling gear are scoring, plastic flow, and pitting. Based on the results of the hardness test on the first specimen, the average hardness was 41.1 HRC and on the second specimen, the hardness average was 33.5 HRC and on the third specimen, the hardness average was 34.9 HRC. The specimen that has the highest average hardness value is the first specimen with an average hardness of 41.3 HRC. the wear level in test 1 is 0.008 and in test 2 the wear level is 0.004 and in test 3 the wear level is 0.004 and in test 4 the wear level is 0.004 and in test 5 the wear level is 0.004. From the wear test it was found that the type of wear on the coupling gear material is classified as abrasive and fatigue wear because the two materials are rubbing against each other and the eroded material does not stick to each other and there is also fatigue due to the load that is applied continuously so that the material or coupling gear is worn out.
Hak Cipta (c) 2022 Sulaeman, Rozi Saferi, Ropi Apriadi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Effect Of Electric Load On Steam Flow Rate At Steam Turbine As Generator
PT. Kurnia Batang Hari is a palm oil processing factory into palm oil. At PT KBHB there is a tool called “Steam Turbine Generator Type RB5” which functions as a power generator. This study aims to determine the effect of the load on the mass flow rate, turbine generator power, and determine the efficiency of the steam turbine generator. The research method is to take boiler and turbine data directly for 1 week. Get the enthalpy value from the steam table and can calculate based on the research objective. Based on the research conducted, it was found that the highest average flow rate on Wednesday was 3.48 kg/s. The highest generator power yield on Sunday is 1661 KW. The results of the calculation of the highest average generator efficiency on Sundays are 57.11%. Conclusion It can be seen that if the load on the turbine is getting bigger, then the mass flow rate of the steam will be even bigger and it also depends on the pressure of the steam entering and leaving the turbine. The average load of 1 week borne by the generator is 885 KW and the mass flow rate is 3.81 kg/s. The generator power produced during processing is an average of 1 week, which is 1600 KW. The average efficiency of the generator in 1 week is 55.52% on Sunday.
Hak Cipta (c) 2022 Dedi Wardianto, Marfizal, Sufiyanto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The Effect of Camshaft Racing on Matic Motorcycle Performance
The research conducted in this paper is related to the Effect of Camshaft Racing on Motor Matic Performance. For Performance Testing such as power, torque, engine speed, acceleration at engine speed of 6000 to 9000 rpm. Performance testing using a dyno test tool type Super Dyno 50L. The results of this test are used to compare the performance of an automatic motorcycle using a standard camshaft (STD) and a Racing camshaft (BRT). From this study it was found that the performance for the Racing camshaft (BRT) increased compared to the standard camshaft performance (STD), the acceleration value was 6.2% to 4.5%, speed 1.0% to 0.6%, power 9.0% to 4.5%. 16.2%, torque 6.1% to 2.9%. In general, it can be said that camshaft Racing (BRT) has better performance.
Hak Cipta (c) 2022 Marfizal, Dedi Wardianto, Aliska Jalis https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Design and Manufacture of Elephant Grass and Palm Frond Chopping Machines
Elephant grass and palm frond chopping machines is a machine used to chop elephant grass and palm fronds for animal feed. The purpose of the study is to design and manufacture a machine used for animal feed. This machine is designed and manufactured to chop elephant grass and palm fronds. Based on the results of the design and manufacture, a machine for chopping elephant grass and palm fronds for animal feed has been designed and manufactured. This machine uses a gasoline motor with a capacity of 5.5 HP. While the transmission system used is a pulley and belt transmission system. Based on the test results, the elephant grass and palm frond chopping machine can operate and function properly. The test results also show that the volume of chopped elephant grass is greater than the volume of chopped palm fronds. While the results of chopped elephant grass are better than the results of chopped palm fronds
Design and Manufacture, Chopping Machine, Elephant Grass, Palm Fronds, Animal Feed
Hak Cipta (c) 2022 Romiyadi; Yudi Dwianda, Adi Febrianton, Purnama Irwan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0